Natural Creation Process

Diamonds form deep within Earth's mantle, typically 150 kilometers below the surface, where temperatures reach 1,050 degrees Celsius and pressure exceeds 45 kilobars. Pure carbon atoms arrange themselves into a crystal structure under these extreme conditions. This process usually requires 1-3.3 billion years, transforming carbon into the hardest natural substance known.

Transport to Surface

Diamond-bearing magma travels rapidly to Earth's surface through volcanic pipes during deep-source volcanic eruptions. The quick ascent prevents diamonds from converting back to graphite. These eruptions form kimberlite pipes, the primary source of most natural diamonds. Secondary deposits occur when erosion transports diamonds to riverbeds and coastal areas.

Physical Properties

The unique crystal structure gives diamonds their exceptional properties. Perfect tetrahedral bonding between carbon atoms creates extreme hardness and high thermal conductivity. Pure diamonds are transparent, while trace elements create various colors. These properties make diamonds valuable for both industrial applications and jewelry, with quality determined by the "Four Cs": cut, clarity, color, and carat weight. Shutdown123